Poor Mans Ethanol content analyzer

for now, while I wait for the tester to arrive I've just been using a clear travel shampoo bottle to diagnose some bad fuel from a certain station:


the alcohol combines with the water which makes it heavier and causes it to separate from the gas and additives. Alcohol + water at the bottom and gas on top...
Jag,
How did that stuff from Fairfield actually run in your EVO? What were the symptoms that clued you in to having bad fuel?
Are both of these supposed to be E85? That Fairfield sample looks worse than puke!
How did that stuff from Fairfield actually run in your EVO? What were the symptoms that clued you in to having bad fuel?
Are both of these supposed to be E85? That Fairfield sample looks worse than puke!
The Hayward fuel has way too much gasoline so it's something really low like only E50

in my STI
It's been running like crap on the Hayward fuel, AFRs are at least a full point richer and the fuel trims have gone crazy tyring to compensate...car has felt very sluggish and idle is often unstable...

"....is a chore, wouldn't it be great if there was a device that could read the Ethanol precentage of the fuel that is in your Evo and display it on a device, say like, the Zeitronix Ethanol Content Analyzer?"
Already in talks with cRoxorz for the local guys, since now that he can get the GM sensor at such a great price, its more financially feasible.

- Bryan
Let me complete that subliminal sales line for you. 
"....is a chore, wouldn't it be great if there was a device that could read the Ethanol precentage of the fuel that is in your Evo and display it on a device, say like, the Zeitronix Ethanol Content Analyzer?"
Already in talks with cRoxorz for the local guys, since now that he can get the GM sensor at such a great price, its more financially feasible.
- Bryan

"....is a chore, wouldn't it be great if there was a device that could read the Ethanol precentage of the fuel that is in your Evo and display it on a device, say like, the Zeitronix Ethanol Content Analyzer?"
Already in talks with cRoxorz for the local guys, since now that he can get the GM sensor at such a great price, its more financially feasible.

- Bryan
Here's what I found, that seems to make a little more sense, reading the first paragraph of the theroy, and applying it to the test procedure to determine the ethanol % content. Seems easy enough ... get a graduated cylinder with a stopper, fill it a dash over 50mL at the station, remove enough fuel to make it exactly 50mL at home, and test.
http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/B...dlingGuide.pdf
APPENDIX E: Method to Determine the Total Hydrocarbon
Content of Alcohol Fuel
This procedure is based on a similar proce-
dure for methanol developed by General
Motors.* Errors in ethanol content of up to 5
percentage points may occur for E85 blended
with gasoline containing detergent additives.
Essential Equipment
50-mL volumetric pipette
100-mL graduated cylinder with stopper
Procedure
1. Use the volumetric pipette to extract exact-
ly 50 mL of fuel and place the fuel in the
graduated cylinder.
2. Add approximately 50 mL of water to the
fuel in the cylinder.(The total volume should
not exceed 100 mL.)
3. Place the stopper in the cylinder, and
shake the contents vigorously for about
15 seconds.
4. Loosen the stopper to release the pressure
in the cylinder but do not remove the
stopper.
5. Tighten the stopper. Place the cylinder
upright on a level surface away from sun-
light and heat sources. Wait 15 minutes.
If separation of the two layers is not com-
plete,lightly tap the cylinder to encourage
complete separation.
6. Record the level of the top and bottom of
the hydrocarbon layer (upper layer).
Do this by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus at both the top
and bottom of the upper layer.(The menis-
cus is the curved border [the interface]
between the air and the top of the liquid
or between the hydrocarbon layer and
the water layer. See the accompanying
illustration.)
MENISCUS
7. Find the volume (in milliliters) of the upper
layer by subtracting the value at the lower
meniscus from the value at the upper
meniscus.
8. Calculate the ethanol concentration (per-
cent by volume) by this equation:
% ethanol = 98.69 - [1.97 x volume of the
upper layer in milliliters].
9. Calculate the hydrocarbon concentration
(percent by volume) by this equation:
% hydrocarbon = 1.31 + [1.97 x volume of
the upper layer in milliliters].
http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/B...dlingGuide.pdf
APPENDIX E: Method to Determine the Total Hydrocarbon
Content of Alcohol Fuel
This procedure is based on a similar proce-
dure for methanol developed by General
Motors.* Errors in ethanol content of up to 5
percentage points may occur for E85 blended
with gasoline containing detergent additives.
Essential Equipment
50-mL volumetric pipette
100-mL graduated cylinder with stopper
Procedure
1. Use the volumetric pipette to extract exact-
ly 50 mL of fuel and place the fuel in the
graduated cylinder.
2. Add approximately 50 mL of water to the
fuel in the cylinder.(The total volume should
not exceed 100 mL.)
3. Place the stopper in the cylinder, and
shake the contents vigorously for about
15 seconds.
4. Loosen the stopper to release the pressure
in the cylinder but do not remove the
stopper.
5. Tighten the stopper. Place the cylinder
upright on a level surface away from sun-
light and heat sources. Wait 15 minutes.
If separation of the two layers is not com-
plete,lightly tap the cylinder to encourage
complete separation.
6. Record the level of the top and bottom of
the hydrocarbon layer (upper layer).
Do this by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus at both the top
and bottom of the upper layer.(The menis-
cus is the curved border [the interface]
between the air and the top of the liquid
or between the hydrocarbon layer and
the water layer. See the accompanying
illustration.)
MENISCUS
7. Find the volume (in milliliters) of the upper
layer by subtracting the value at the lower
meniscus from the value at the upper
meniscus.
8. Calculate the ethanol concentration (per-
cent by volume) by this equation:
% ethanol = 98.69 - [1.97 x volume of the
upper layer in milliliters].
9. Calculate the hydrocarbon concentration
(percent by volume) by this equation:
% hydrocarbon = 1.31 + [1.97 x volume of
the upper layer in milliliters].
Theory of operation by some dude named "James W. Hebert"
Credit: James W. Hebert
"Test Theory
The fuel sample is mixed with a volume of water that is large enough to ensure that there will be too much water to go into solution with the gasoline. The test procedure assumes that in the presence of all this extra water any alcohol and water already in solution with the gasoline will leave. By driving all the water and alcohol out of the gasoline and into the other solution, the composition of the fuel sample is revealed. The change in volume can be assessed according to this relationship:
Let W be the volume of the water to be added
to the sample relative to the total volume
in the test tube. This is usually chosen to
be much more than the 0.5-percent maximum
that ethanol can hold in solution. In our
example we will use 25-percent volume for
water in the test tube. This will be the initial
volume of the lower phase in the test tube.
Let F be the volume of the fuel sample,
which is always the total volume minus the water;
in our case 75-percent of the total volume.
This will be the initial volume of the upper
phase in the test tube.
Let D be the increase in the volume of lower
phase in the test tube relative to the total
volume which occurs when the water and fuel
are fully mixed and allowed to separate
into two phases.
If we have a 100-ml cylinder, we can let
F = 75 ml
W = 25 ml
After mixing there will be an increase in volume
in the lower phase by an amount D (ml), which is
the amount of water and alcohol which came out
of the sample and went into solution with the water.
The original volume of the sample was F, and the
new volume of the sample is less, or F-D,
which is pure gasoline portion.
The volume change, D, was the water or alcohol
driven out of solution. The percentage of the
sample which was either water or alcohol is therefore
Percent = D/F X 100
For example, if the phase boundary moves up 5-ml,
then the percentage of the fuel that was water
and alcohol was
Percent = 5/75 X 100
= 6.7 percent
The above probably won't pass muster if carefully examined by a Ph.D in Chemical Engineering. When chemical reagents of a certain volume mix together the resulting solution does not always have a volume equal to the sum of the two reagents' volumes. Water and alcohol are a good example."
It should be remembered that a lot of oil companies and government agencies have ditched fancy equipment in favor of these simple testers
Credit: James W. Hebert
"Test Theory
The fuel sample is mixed with a volume of water that is large enough to ensure that there will be too much water to go into solution with the gasoline. The test procedure assumes that in the presence of all this extra water any alcohol and water already in solution with the gasoline will leave. By driving all the water and alcohol out of the gasoline and into the other solution, the composition of the fuel sample is revealed. The change in volume can be assessed according to this relationship:
Let W be the volume of the water to be added
to the sample relative to the total volume
in the test tube. This is usually chosen to
be much more than the 0.5-percent maximum
that ethanol can hold in solution. In our
example we will use 25-percent volume for
water in the test tube. This will be the initial
volume of the lower phase in the test tube.
Let F be the volume of the fuel sample,
which is always the total volume minus the water;
in our case 75-percent of the total volume.
This will be the initial volume of the upper
phase in the test tube.
Let D be the increase in the volume of lower
phase in the test tube relative to the total
volume which occurs when the water and fuel
are fully mixed and allowed to separate
into two phases.
If we have a 100-ml cylinder, we can let
F = 75 ml
W = 25 ml
After mixing there will be an increase in volume
in the lower phase by an amount D (ml), which is
the amount of water and alcohol which came out
of the sample and went into solution with the water.
The original volume of the sample was F, and the
new volume of the sample is less, or F-D,
which is pure gasoline portion.
The volume change, D, was the water or alcohol
driven out of solution. The percentage of the
sample which was either water or alcohol is therefore
Percent = D/F X 100
For example, if the phase boundary moves up 5-ml,
then the percentage of the fuel that was water
and alcohol was
Percent = 5/75 X 100
= 6.7 percent
The above probably won't pass muster if carefully examined by a Ph.D in Chemical Engineering. When chemical reagents of a certain volume mix together the resulting solution does not always have a volume equal to the sum of the two reagents' volumes. Water and alcohol are a good example."
It should be remembered that a lot of oil companies and government agencies have ditched fancy equipment in favor of these simple testers
I guess whether or not it makes sense is how you choose to interpret each author or maybe your Chemistry background
. Regardless the principle is the same. Water and alcohol do not mix so if you put in a predetermined amount of water and E-85 or whatever is being sold you can accurately measure. Honestly it is only a chore if you think carryina little vial with some water and I use a ketchup squirt bottle type plastic container and pump a very small amount fuel in it and then squirt it into the vial. The leftover fro m ketchup type squirt container gets squirted into fuel filler. It takes less than a minute. The fuel is very consistent at the station I go to so I measure once a month if that. If your fuel trims are adjusted closer to zero they will adjust to compensate for the different levels of blend.
Doing datalogs and looking at trims on different tanks of gas after the station tank has been refilled has shown no more than 5% variance in both trims and what has been measured.
IF/When I have spare funds that I do not feel are better off somewhere else then I might buy the ECA for me it is expensive for the returns it offers
YMMV
The whole purpose of this thread was to simply share information on a commonly used method of measuring alcohol content in Fuel
. Regardless the principle is the same. Water and alcohol do not mix so if you put in a predetermined amount of water and E-85 or whatever is being sold you can accurately measure. Honestly it is only a chore if you think carryina little vial with some water and I use a ketchup squirt bottle type plastic container and pump a very small amount fuel in it and then squirt it into the vial. The leftover fro m ketchup type squirt container gets squirted into fuel filler. It takes less than a minute. The fuel is very consistent at the station I go to so I measure once a month if that. If your fuel trims are adjusted closer to zero they will adjust to compensate for the different levels of blend. Doing datalogs and looking at trims on different tanks of gas after the station tank has been refilled has shown no more than 5% variance in both trims and what has been measured.
IF/When I have spare funds that I do not feel are better off somewhere else then I might buy the ECA for me it is expensive for the returns it offers
YMMV
The whole purpose of this thread was to simply share information on a commonly used method of measuring alcohol content in Fuel
Here's what I found, that seems to make a little more sense, reading the first paragraph of the theroy, and applying it to the test procedure to determine the ethanol % content. Seems easy enough ... get a graduated cylinder with a stopper, fill it a dash over 50mL at the station, remove enough fuel to make it exactly 50mL at home, and test.
http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/B...dlingGuide.pdf
APPENDIX E: Method to Determine the Total Hydrocarbon
Content of Alcohol Fuel
This procedure is based on a similar proce-
dure for methanol developed by General
Motors.* Errors in ethanol content of up to 5
percentage points may occur for E85 blended
with gasoline containing detergent additives.
Essential Equipment
50-mL volumetric pipette
100-mL graduated cylinder with stopper
Procedure
1. Use the volumetric pipette to extract exact-
ly 50 mL of fuel and place the fuel in the
graduated cylinder.
2. Add approximately 50 mL of water to the
fuel in the cylinder.(The total volume should
not exceed 100 mL.)
3. Place the stopper in the cylinder, and
shake the contents vigorously for about
15 seconds.
4. Loosen the stopper to release the pressure
in the cylinder but do not remove the
stopper.
5. Tighten the stopper. Place the cylinder
upright on a level surface away from sun-
light and heat sources. Wait 15 minutes.
If separation of the two layers is not com-
plete,lightly tap the cylinder to encourage
complete separation.
6. Record the level of the top and bottom of
the hydrocarbon layer (upper layer).
Do this by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus at both the top
and bottom of the upper layer.(The menis-
cus is the curved border [the interface]
between the air and the top of the liquid
or between the hydrocarbon layer and
the water layer. See the accompanying
illustration.)
MENISCUS
7. Find the volume (in milliliters) of the upper
layer by subtracting the value at the lower
meniscus from the value at the upper
meniscus.
8. Calculate the ethanol concentration (per-
cent by volume) by this equation:
% ethanol = 98.69 - [1.97 x volume of the
upper layer in milliliters].
9. Calculate the hydrocarbon concentration
(percent by volume) by this equation:
% hydrocarbon = 1.31 + [1.97 x volume of
the upper layer in milliliters].
http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/B...dlingGuide.pdf
APPENDIX E: Method to Determine the Total Hydrocarbon
Content of Alcohol Fuel
This procedure is based on a similar proce-
dure for methanol developed by General
Motors.* Errors in ethanol content of up to 5
percentage points may occur for E85 blended
with gasoline containing detergent additives.
Essential Equipment
50-mL volumetric pipette
100-mL graduated cylinder with stopper
Procedure
1. Use the volumetric pipette to extract exact-
ly 50 mL of fuel and place the fuel in the
graduated cylinder.
2. Add approximately 50 mL of water to the
fuel in the cylinder.(The total volume should
not exceed 100 mL.)
3. Place the stopper in the cylinder, and
shake the contents vigorously for about
15 seconds.
4. Loosen the stopper to release the pressure
in the cylinder but do not remove the
stopper.
5. Tighten the stopper. Place the cylinder
upright on a level surface away from sun-
light and heat sources. Wait 15 minutes.
If separation of the two layers is not com-
plete,lightly tap the cylinder to encourage
complete separation.
6. Record the level of the top and bottom of
the hydrocarbon layer (upper layer).
Do this by reading the measurement at the
lowest part of the meniscus at both the top
and bottom of the upper layer.(The menis-
cus is the curved border [the interface]
between the air and the top of the liquid
or between the hydrocarbon layer and
the water layer. See the accompanying
illustration.)
MENISCUS
7. Find the volume (in milliliters) of the upper
layer by subtracting the value at the lower
meniscus from the value at the upper
meniscus.
8. Calculate the ethanol concentration (per-
cent by volume) by this equation:
% ethanol = 98.69 - [1.97 x volume of the
upper layer in milliliters].
9. Calculate the hydrocarbon concentration
(percent by volume) by this equation:
% hydrocarbon = 1.31 + [1.97 x volume of
the upper layer in milliliters].
Water and Alcohol mix just fine.... it is called "booze"
Water and Gasoline do NOT mix... the separate rapidly with the gasoline floating on top of the water.
When you take E-85 and mix it with water, the water and alcohol mix, and the gasoline separates out since it can not mix with the water leaving you with a water and alcohol mix in the bottom of the testing device and gasoline floating on top.
The reason the method specifies measuring the gasoline layer instead of the water / alcohol mixture layer is because a mixture of alcohol and water takes up less volume than either of the components do alone. 100ml of alcohol mixed with 100ml of water results in 192 ml of 50% alcohol mixture, not 200ml.
Later,
Keith
Last edited by Fourdoor; Mar 13, 2010 at 11:31 AM.
Yup, that is all the tester is, with a mark for how much water to start off with... where would you say that is, about 25%? So put 25ml of water in a test tube, and fill it up to 100 ml. Then measure the gasoline volume at the top and subtract that from the total... don't just measure to the bottom of the gasoline layer or you will be off by 2% or 3%.
You can get a cheap 100ml graduated cylinder for $3.55 or a 10ml (waste less fuel) for $1.40
Best yet, you can get a pack of 6 graduated 15ml test tubes with caps for $2.25... I just ordered them
Keith
You can get a cheap 100ml graduated cylinder for $3.55 or a 10ml (waste less fuel) for $1.40

Best yet, you can get a pack of 6 graduated 15ml test tubes with caps for $2.25... I just ordered them

Keith
Last edited by Fourdoor; Mar 13, 2010 at 12:54 PM.
Yup, that is all the tester is, with a mark for how much water to start off with... where would you say that is, about 25%? So put 25ml of water in a test tube, and fill it up to 100 ml. Then measure the gasoline volume at the top and subtract that from the total... don't just measure to the bottom of the gasoline layer or you will be off by 2% or 3%.
Know where I can get a cheap 100ml graduated cylinder?
Keith
Know where I can get a cheap 100ml graduated cylinder?

Keith



